Causes and Signs of Fevers in Dogs

A fever in dogs can be a concerning sign for pet owners, often indicating that something is off with their furry companion’s health. Unlike humans, dogs cannot easily communicate when they are feeling unwell, which makes it important for pet parents to recognize the symptoms of a fever and understand what could be causing it. While a mild fever may not always be an emergency, persistent or high fevers in dogs can signal an underlying health issue that requires veterinary attention. At Broad Ripple Animal Clinic in Indianapolis, we prioritize the well-being of pets and strive to educate pet owners on potential health concerns. If you suspect your dog has a fever or is acting out of the ordinary, our team is here to help. Call us at (317) 257-5334 to schedule an exam today.

What is a Fever in Dogs?

A fever in dogs is an increase in body temperature beyond the normal range. A dog’s average body temperature typically falls between 101 and 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. When a dog’s temperature rises above 103 degrees, it is considered a fever. Temperatures exceeding 106 degrees are dangerous and can lead to severe complications, including organ damage.

Since a dog’s body temperature is naturally higher than that of humans, it’s essential for pet owners to use a digital rectal thermometer to get an accurate reading rather than relying on touch alone. Feeling a dog’s ears or nose is not a reliable way to determine if they have a fever.

What Are Some Common Causes of Fevers in Dogs? 

Several factors can contribute to fevers in dogs, ranging from mild infections to more serious underlying conditions.

1. Infections and Inflammatory Conditions

Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections are some of the most common causes of fevers in dogs. These infections can occur internally or externally, affecting different parts of the body, such as:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) – These can cause discomfort, fever, and frequent urination.
• Respiratory infections – Conditions like pneumonia or kennel cough may lead to fever along with coughing and breathing difficulties.
• Ear infections – A severe ear infection, especially one deep within the ear canal, can trigger a fever.
• Skin infections – Wounds or hot spots that become infected can lead to localized swelling, redness, and fever.
• Dental infections – Abscessed teeth or gum infections may cause fever and signs of oral discomfort, such as drooling or reluctance to eat.

2. Vaccination Reactions

After receiving a vaccine, some dogs may develop a mild fever as part of their immune system’s response. This is usually temporary and resolves within 24 to 48 hours. While mild post-vaccination fevers are generally not a cause for concern, pet owners should monitor their dogs for any signs of lethargy or discomfort and report prolonged or severe reactions to their veterinarian.

3. Toxin Ingestion

Dogs are naturally curious and may accidentally consume something toxic, leading to fever and other symptoms. Common toxins that can result in fevers in dogs include:

• Human medications (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
• Toxic plants such as azaleas or sago palms
• Household chemicals and pesticides
• Certain foods like chocolate, grapes, or xylitol-containing products

If you suspect your dog has ingested something toxic, contact your veterinarian or an emergency pet poison helpline immediately.

4. Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases, such as immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can cause fevers in dogs due to an overactive immune system attacking the body’s tissues. These conditions often require long-term veterinary management and treatment.

5. Underlying Illnesses or Cancer

In some cases, fevers in dogs can be a symptom of more serious underlying health issues, including cancer, organ infections, or immune-related diseases. If a fever is persistent, recurring, or accompanied by significant behavioral changes, a thorough veterinary evaluation is necessary to determine the root cause.

Recognizing the Signs of Fevers in Dogs

Dogs often exhibit subtle changes in behavior when they have a fever, making it important for pet owners to recognize these key signs:

• Lethargy – A dog with a fever may seem unusually tired, unwilling to play, or uninterested in regular activities.
• Warm ears and nose – While not always a definitive indicator, fever may cause the ears and nose to feel hotter than usual.
• Loss of appetite – Dogs experiencing a fever may refuse food or eat significantly less than normal.
• Shivering or trembling – Similar to how humans get chills with a fever, dogs may shake or shiver when their body temperature is elevated.
• Panting or rapid breathing – Since dogs regulate their body temperature through panting, excessive or abnormal panting may indicate a fever.
• Dry or warm gums – Checking your dog’s gums can provide clues about their health; fever can cause them to feel unusually warm or dry.

If your dog is displaying any of these symptoms along with an elevated temperature, a visit to your veterinarian is recommended.

When Is Veterinary Care Needed for Fevers in Dogs? 

While some fevers in dogs may resolve on their own, there are times when immediate veterinary attention is needed. You should contact your veterinarian if:

• Your dog’s temperature reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit or higher
• The fever lasts longer than 24 hours
• Your dog refuses to eat or drink
• Severe symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or difficulty breathing accompany the fever
• The fever is recurring or persistent over several days

Proactive Steps to Support Your Dog’s Health

While fevers in dogs are sometimes unavoidable, proactive care can help reduce the risk of illnesses that may lead to a fever. Here are some ways to support your dog’s overall health:

• Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to allow early detection of potential health concerns.
• Keep vaccinations up to date to protect against common infections.
• Monitor your dog’s environment and prevent exposure to toxins, spoiled food, or unsafe outdoor areas.
• Practice good dental hygiene by brushing your dog’s teeth regularly to prevent infections that might lead to fever.
• Watch for any changes in behavior, as early recognition of symptoms can lead to quicker veterinary intervention.

If you’re concerned about fevers in dogs or want to ensure your pet is in optimal health, Broad Ripple Animal Clinic is experienced in diagnosing and treating fevers in dogs. Call (317) 257-5334 to schedule an appointment today!